مقاله 2012: استفاده از ضایعات غذایی فراوری شده به جای کود مرغی در کمپوست دو گونه قارچ دکمه ای و تاثیر آن بر تولید
Anaerobically digested food waste in compost for Agaricus bisporus and A. subrufescens and its effect on mushroom productivity
- Ketil Stoknes1,*,
- David M Beyer2,
- Erik Norgaard3
Keywords:
- Agaricus bisporus;
- Agaricus blazei;
- Agaricus brasiliensis;
- Agaricus subrufescens;
- anaerobic digestion;
- biogas;
- compost;
- digestate;
- food waste;
- industrial ecology;
- mushroom substrate
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Source separated food waste is increasingly being treated by means of hygienisation followed by anaerobic digestion. The fibrous digester residue (digestate) is a potential mushroom substrate, while heat from the biogas can provide steam for the cultivation process. Using bag experiments the present study explored digestate as a full substitute for chicken manure conventionally used in mushroom composts.
RESULTS: After mixing, a rapid temperature development in the compost was stimulated by a small amount of chicken manure, as aerobic microbial seeding. Mechanical elimination of lumps was essential for full mycelial colonisation. Three straw digestate composts had A. bisporus mushroom yields above 370 g kg-1 substrate. The optimal compost water content was 600 g kg-1 at inoculation, and high digestate content (up to 500 g kg-1 by dry weight) did not affect yield for this species. High yields of A. subrufescens (200 g kg-1) were related to drier composts of lower digestate content (more straw) and lower pH values at inoculation.
CONCLUSION: Digestate successfully substituted chicken manure in straw composts without affecting mushroom yields for both species. There were no clear differences between straw digestate and control composts in terms of mushroom dry matter, size, nitrogen or ash content. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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مقاله 2012,
استفاده از ضایعات غذایی فراوری شده به جای کود مرغی
مقاله ۲۰۱۲: تنوع تریکودرما، عامل بیماری کپک سبز در اروپای مرکزی
Diversity of Trichoderma spp. causing Pleurotus green mould diseases in Central Europe.
Błaszczyk L, Siwulski M, Sobieralski K, Frużyńska-Jóźwiak D.
Source
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland, lgol@igr.poznan.pl.
Abstract
The present study includes the molecular characteristics of Trichoderma pleurotum and Trichoderma pleuroticola isolates collected from green moulded cereal straw substrates at 47 oyster mushroom farms in Poland. The screening of the 80 Trichoderma isolates was performed by morphological observation and by using the multiplex PCR assay. This approach enabled specific detection of 47 strains of T. pleurotum and 2 strains of T. pleuroticola. Initial identifications were confirmed by sequencing the fragment of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the rRNA gene cluster and the fragment including the fourth and fifth introns and the last long exon of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene. ITS and tef1 sequence information was also used to establish the intra- and interspecies relationship of T. pleurotum and T. pleuroticola originating from the oyster mushroom farms in Poland and from other countries. Comparative analysis of the ITS sequences showed that all T. pleurotum isolates from Poland represent one haplotype, identical to that of T. pleurotum strains from Hungary and Romania. Sequence analysis of the tef1 locus revealed two haplotypes ("T" and "N") of Polish T. pleurotum isolates. The "T" type isolates of T. pleurotum were identical to those of strains from Hungary and Romania. The "N" type isolates possessed a unique tef1 allele. Detailed analysis of the ITS and tef1 sequences of two T. pleuroticola isolates showed their identicalness to Italian strain C.P.K. 1540.
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مقاله ۲۰۱۲,
تنوع تریکودرما,
عامل بیماری کپک سبز در اروپای مرکزی
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