مقاله 2013: تاثیر فاز یک کمپوست سازی و استریل نمودن کمپوست در کشت قارچ صدفی

ضایئات ذرت (بخش چوبی بلال) و ذغال فعال در تولید لاکیز و بازیدیوم قارچ صدفی

Corncob and active charcoal in the Laccase and Basidiome production of Pleurotus sp.

Abstract

Corn cob as a lignocellulosic feedstock could be a viable option for edible mushroom production by fungi of the genus Pleurotus considering that there are enormous amounts of this agricultural waste in the State of Parana, as well in the whole Brazil territory. This work evaluated three strains of Pleurotus sp., Pleurotus ostreatus (white and CCB), P. Eryngii (salmon), as laccase producers using liquid extract of corn cob, and solid medium based on corn cob without adding other nutritional sources. A strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (white) produced the highest titres of laccase in liquid medium (1.2 U L^-1) and also on solid medium (~2.8 U kg^-1) among the three strains evaluated. The additon of active charcoal increased the biological efficency (30.3%) of P. eryngii (salmon) when compared in its absence (12.7%). However, the strain of P. ostreatus (white) did not present statistical difference among the treatments demonstrating that the addition of active charcoal to the solid medium for mushroom production can promote an increase in the biological efficiency depending upon the fungal strain used.

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: تعیین توالی ژنوم قارچ گنودرما Ganoderma lucidum

Genome sequence of the model medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum is a widely used medicinal macrofungus in traditional Chinese medicine that creates a diverse set of bioactive compounds. Here we report its 43.3-Mb genome, encoding 16,113 predicted genes, obtained using next-generation sequencing and optical mapping approaches. The sequence analysis reveals an impressive array of genes encoding cytochrome P450s (CYPs), transporters and regulatory proteins that cooperate in secondary metabolism. The genome also encodes one of the richest sets of wood degradation enzymes among all of the sequenced basidiomycetes. In all, 24 physical CYP gene clusters are identified. Moreover, 78 CYP genes are coexpressed with lanosterol synthase, and 16 of these show high similarity to fungal CYPs that specifically hydroxylate testosterone, suggesting their possible roles in triterpenoid biosynthesis. The elucidation of the G. lucidum genome makes this organism a potential model system for the study of secondary metabolic pathways and their regulation in medicinal fungi.

پیشبینی کیفیت قارچ دکمه ای به وسیله بیان ژن

Title: Quality Prediction of Agaricus bisporus Mushrooms by Gene Expression

Abstract:

Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) have a limited shelf life. An optimal time of harvest, quick cooling and short transport time to selling points are needed to ensure a good quality. Even if these conditions are optimal, large variations can be seen in quality of different mushroom batches. A cause of this variation in quality is not always evident.

There is, in principle, for each quality grade a suitable market. However, the unpredictable postharvest quality development makes it difficult to match quality and market type. It is estimated that this leads to an economic loss of 5–10% of crop value.

Tools to predict postharvest quality can help to improve matching of quality and market type. One of the possible tools is based on gene expression analysis. A prerequisite for this approach is the availability of molecular indicator genes and a fast method to assess gene expression. We have used dedicated microarrays containing over 700 spotted unique genes to identify genes whose activity is correlated with postharvest quality development. For this, a small-scale microarray hybridisation experiment was used to analyse the expression of these genes in batches of button mushrooms that showed different degree of browning after a cold postharvest period of 7 days. These analyses have generated a list of putative indicator genes. Ongoing research, using real-time polymerase chain reaction will reveal if these putative indicators can be used for quality prediction of mushrooms in the production chain. Although real-time-based gene-expression analysis is a reliable way to assess gene expression, the method is probably too costly and time consuming (taking at least one day) for practical ‘in-chain’ application. We will therefore develop with additional partners new and faster types of sampling, and RNA isolation and detection methods.

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: استانداردسازی تکنولوژی تولید قارچ دکمه ای سفید در اودیشا با استفاده از روش های بلند مدت کمپوست سازی

Standardization of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production technologies in odisha following long method of composting.

Abstract

Among the high yielding strains of Agaricus bisporus screened for their adaptability in Odisha conditions, S-11 was found to be superior with 13.43% biological efficiency. Production technologies viz., evaluation of compost formulations and casing materials were standardized. Paddy straw based compost formulation along with FYM+loam soil (1:1) as casing material could yield 12.66 and 13.15% biological efficiency respectively. The experiments were conducted using wheat grain spawn with optimum temperature and humidity.