مقاله ۲۰۱۲: کشت قارچ صدفی روی خاک اره تخمیر شده و تخمیر نشده

Cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius Fr. Singer on fermented and non fermented sawdust

 هر روز با یک مقاله ۲۰۱۲ در این بخش

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: نوترکیبی میتوکندریایی در جمعیت های طبیعی قارچ دکمه ای Agaricus bisporus

Mitochondrial recombination in natural populations of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Abstract

In the majority of sexual eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genomes are inherited uniparentally and have predominantly clonal population structures. In clonally evolving genomes, alleles at different loci will be in significant linkage disequilibrium. In this study, the associations among alleles at nine mitochondrial loci were analyzed for 379 isolates in four natural populations of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. The results indicated that the mitochondrial genome in the Desert California population was not significantly different from random recombination. In contrast, the three other populations all showed predominantly clonal mitochondrial population structure. While no evidence of recombination was found in the Alberta, Canada A. bisporus population, signatures of recombination were evident in the Coastal Californian and the French populations. We discuss the potential mechanisms that could have contributed to the observed mitochondrial recombination and to the differences in allelic associations among the geographic populations in this economically important mushroom.

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: ساخت یک دستگاه جدید برای اندازه گیری حساسیت استرین های قارچ دکمه ای به لک دار شدن فیزیکی

A new method to apply and quantify bruising sensitivity of button mushrooms

Abstract

Mushrooms are prone to develop brown discolouration due to bruising caused by mechanical damage during harvest, which leads to reduced quality of the mushrooms. In order to study the mechanism behind discolouration and to breed for bruise-related browning resistant strains, a high throughput bruise application method and reliable quantification of browning sensitivity is essential. In this study a new bruising device was developed to bruise mushrooms in a fast and reproducible way. The bruising device can apply damage to the cap tissue of button mushrooms by a slip-shear sliding process. The severity of the bruise was quantified with a computer imaging system combined with a newly developed software programme. A protocol was developed to obtain the most reliable and reproducible method to compare browning sensitivity of different Agaricus bisporus strains. For this purpose, the extent of damage applied, time between harvest and bruising, developmental stage of the mushrooms and flushes were taken into account. The new method of bruising and image based quantification was subsequently applied to a collection of wild, commercial and hybrid A. bisporus strains and a distinction could be made between bruise-related browning sensitive mushrooms and tolerant mushrooms.

Highlights

► Construction of a mushroom bruising device to damage the cap tissue. ► Development of a computer image analysis system to quantify browning. ► The influence of several parameters on the bruising sensitivity. ► A collection of white and brown mushrooms was screened for bruising sensitivity.

Keywords

• Bruising sensitivity;
• Computer image analysis;
• Button mushroom;
• Agaricus bisporus

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: کشت قارچ های جنس پلوروتوس، قارچ صدفی، در بسترهای آماده شده به روش کمپوست سازی کوتاه و پاستوریزاسیون با بخار 

Cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms in substrates obtained by short composting and steam pasteurization

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: استفاده های بالقوه از کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ و استفاده از آنها برای تولید آنزیم

Potential uses of spent mushroom substrate and its associated lignocellulosic enzymes

Mushroom industries generate a virtually in-exhaustible supply of a co-product called spent mushroom substrate (SMS). This is the unutilised substrate and the mushroom mycelium left after harvesting of mushrooms. As the mushroom industry is steadily growing, the volume of SMS generated annually is increasing. In recent years, the mushroom industry has faced challenges in storing and disposing the SMS. The obvious solution is to explore new applications of SMS. There has been considerable discussion recently about the potentials of using SMS for production of value-added products. One of them is production of lignocellulosic enzymes such as laccase, xylanase, lignin peroxidase, cellulase and hemicellulase. This paper reviews scientific research and practical applications of SMS as a readily available and cheap source of enzymes for bioremediation, animal feed and energy feedstock.

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: تاثیر عصاره کمپوست مصرفی روی رشد میسلیومی، عملکرد قارچ دکمه ای و کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری حباب خشک قارچ دکمه ای

Effect of spent mushroom compost tea on mycelial growth and yield of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

August 2012, Volume 28, Issue 8, pp 2765-2769

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: تنوع تریکودرما، عامل بیماری کپک سبز در اروپای مرکزی

Diversity of Trichoderma spp. causing Pleurotus green mould diseases in Central Europe.

Błaszczyk L, Siwulski M, Sobieralski K, Frużyńska-Jóźwiak D.

Source

Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland, lgol@igr.poznan.pl.

Abstract

The present study includes the molecular characteristics of Trichoderma pleurotum and Trichoderma pleuroticola isolates collected from green moulded cereal straw substrates at 47 oyster mushroom farms in Poland. The screening of the 80 Trichoderma isolates was performed by morphological observation and by using the multiplex PCR assay. This approach enabled specific detection of 47 strains of T. pleurotum and 2 strains of T. pleuroticola. Initial identifications were confirmed by sequencing the fragment of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the rRNA gene cluster and the fragment including the fourth and fifth introns and the last long exon of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene. ITS and tef1 sequence information was also used to establish the intra- and interspecies relationship of T. pleurotum and T. pleuroticola originating from the oyster mushroom farms in Poland and from other countries. Comparative analysis of the ITS sequences showed that all T. pleurotum isolates from Poland represent one haplotype, identical to that of T. pleurotum strains from Hungary and Romania. Sequence analysis of the tef1 locus revealed two haplotypes ("T" and "N") of Polish T. pleurotum isolates. The "T" type isolates of T. pleurotum were identical to those of strains from Hungary and Romania. The "N" type isolates possessed a unique tef1 allele. Detailed analysis of the ITS and tef1 sequences of two T. pleuroticola isolates showed their identicalness to Italian strain C.P.K. 1540.