مقاله 2016: درمان مکمل سرطان با قارچ گانودرما در کنار شیمی درمانی و رادیوتراپی و کاهش مضرات آن

Our results found that patients with G. lucidum extract in their anticancer regimen were 1.27 times more likely to respond to chemotherapy or radiotherapy than those without.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0046740/

مقاله 2016: تولید قارچ دکمه ای غنی شده با سلینیوم، روی و مس

این عناصر را به کمپوست اضافه کردند و قارچ غنی شده با این عناصر تولید کردند.

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus enriched with selenium, zinc and copper.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) is an important culinary and medicinal species of worldwide importance. The present study investigated for the first time whether it may be grown on substrates supplemented with Se alone or in combination with Cu and/or Zn (0.1-0.8 mmol L^-1 ) to produce fruiting bodies of increased nutritional value.

RESULTS:

As found, substrate supplementation did not affect yielded biomass up to 0.6 mmol L^-1 element concentrations regardless of the cultivation model. At 0.8 mmol L^-1 Se + Cu and Se + Zn supplementation biomass comparable with controls still developed. The accumulation of trace elements in the fruiting bodies generally increased over the concentration gradient reaching its maximum at 0.6 mmol L^-1 (for Se + Zn and Se + Cu + Zn) and 0.8 mmol L^-1 (for Se and Se + Cu). The organic Se constituted the greatest share in total Se quota. As calculated, each 10 g of dried fruiting bodies of A. bisporus obtained from 0.6 or 0.8 mmol L^-1 supplementation would represent 342-469% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Se, 43.4-48.5% for Cu and 5.2-5.8% for Zn.

CONCLUSION:

Considering inexpensive methods of A. bisporus cultivation, global popularity and use of this mushroom, its biofortification with Se, Cu and Zn could have a practical application in deficiency prevention and assisted treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7816/abstract;jsessionid=1E082FDBFEEB6E24EC14BBC035AF8FCA.f04t03

مقاله 2016: سناریوهایی برای کاهش اثر فاکتورهای محیطی روی تولید قارچ دکمه ای

Scenarios for the reduction of environmental impact in Agaricus bisporus production

Available online 26 December 2016

Highlights

Analysis of improvement scenarios in the production process of Mushroom.

The research includes all stages of the production process.

The implementation of the scenarios can get reduction in all impact categories.

aThe improvement scenarios achieved a reduction from 16.25 to 194.63%.

 Abstract

The aim of this study is to obtain a critical analysis of the reduction of environmental impacts in the production of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. This is done through a series of proposed scenarios at each stage of the production process: mycelium production, composting and cultivation cycle. The improvement scenarios included in this research are: replacement of cereal straw by hay, as base material of compost; elimination of the pre-moistening phase of the straw; use of biofilters for composting in closed tunnels and pasteurization chambers; maximization of load capacity of compost in air-conditioned growing room; and energy optimization and use of renewable energy sources in the production process. The implementation of the successive improvement scenarios leads to a decrease of the environmental impact. The individual scenarios can be combined to obtain a reduction in all impact categories; one of the scenario combinations provides the best results, producing reductions in all the categories, from 16.25% in Global Warming to 194.63% in Terrestrial ecotoxicity, with other important reductions such as 55.28% in Marine aquatic ecotoxicity.

 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616321928

مقاله 2016: استفاده از اسپنت کمپوست (کمپوست قارچ مصرف شده) در فاز یک کمپوست سازی

Effects of Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) as an Ingredient in Phase I Compost on Production of Agaricus bisporus

ABSTRACT

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of using 20% spent mushroom compost (SMC) as an ingredient in phase I compost on mushroom yield. Yields from compost prepared with two 20% SMC formulations (80Ctl, 80LC) were compared to a standard control (Ctl) containing no SMC. The 80LC compost was formulated with a higher level of lignocellulose raw materials, including corn stover, corncobs, cottonseed hulls, and wheat straw. The 80Ctl compost contained 20% SMC plus the same raw materials used to prepare Ctl compost. Yields of 80LC matched or exceeded yields of the Ctl compost in all three crops while yields of 80Ctl were significantly lower. As an additional factor, lignocellulose supplements were added at spawning and were a significant factor in increasing mushroom yields, although not superior to a standard commercial supplement applied at 3.7% (dry compost weight). Compost bulk density was significantly higher (19–20%) in compost formulations containing 20% SMC compared to the non-SMC Ctl. Populations of four prominent phyla of bacteria (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi), as determined by pyrosequence analysis, were similar in both compost types and did not appear to influence mushroom yield.

 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1065657X.2016.1147399

http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/category/2

مقاله 2016: تاثیر هورمون براسینولید روی انبارداری قارچ دکمه ای

• Yang Ding, 
• Zhen Zhu, 
• Jinhong Zhao, 
• Ying Nie, 
• Yu Zhang, 
• Jiping Sheng, 
• Demei Meng, 
• Hongmei Mao, 
• Xuanming Tang

Abstract

Postharvest browning is the primary cause of a decrease in the shelf life of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). This study investigated the effect of postharvest brassinolide (BL) treatment on metabolism in relation to browning of the white button mushroom. Each harvested mushroom was dipped into one of three solutions containing 0, 1, or 3 μM BL for 5 min and stored in darkness at 4 °C for 16 days. Our results indicated that treatment with BL restrains browning development and reduces the total phenolic content and polyphenol oxidase activity. In addition, BL treatment maintains lower weight loss, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content and inhibits any increase in lipoxygenase activity compared with those of the control mushrooms. Furthermore, BL treatment significantly decreases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces the antioxidant enzyme system. Compared with 1 μM BL, treatment with 3 μM BL is more effective in reducing cap browning. The reduction of membrane oxidative damage and ROS levels induced by BL inhibits enzymatic browning reaction in the white button mushroom. These findings suggest that treatment with BL could have the potential of inhibiting browning and thus maintaining the mushroom’s commercial value.

مقاله 2016: برا کمپوست سازی کاه برنج بهتره یا گندم؟ مقایسه جمعیت میکروبی در طول مراحل مختلف کمپوست سازی

Comparison of characterization and microbial communities in rice straw- and wheat straw-based compost for Agaricus bisporus production

    Lin Wang , Jiugeng Mao, Hejuan Zhao, Min Li, Qishun Wei, Ying Zhou, Heping Shao

Abstract

Rice straw (RS) is an important raw material for the preparation of Agaricus bisporus compost in China. In this study, the characterization of composting process from RS and wheat straw (WS) was compared for mushroom production. The results showed that the temperature in RS compost increased rapidly compared with WS compost, and the carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio decreased quickly. The microbial changes during the Phase I and Phase II composting process were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Bacteria were the dominant species during the process of composting and the bacterial community structure dramatically changed during heap composting according to the DGGE results. The bacterial community diversity of RS compost was abundant compared with WS compost at stages 4–5, but no distinct difference was observed after the controlled tunnel Phase II process. The total amount of PLFAs of RS compost, as an indicator of microbial biomass, was higher than that of WS. Clustering by DGGE and principal component analysis of the PLFA compositions revealed that there were differences in both the microbial population and community structure between RS- and WS-based composts. Our data indicated that composting of RS resulted in improved degradation and assimilation of breakdown products by A. bisporus, and suggested that the RS compost was effective for sustaining A. bisporus mushroom growth as well as conventional WS compost.

Keywords

Agaricus bisporus Composting Rice straw DGGE PLFA

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10295-016-1799-6

مقاله 2016: تاثیر نوع بسته بندی و دما روی قارچ دکمه ای

Effect of Packaging Material and Temperature on Firmness of Minimally Processed Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

Kaur Gagan Jyot*, Rehal Jagbir¹

Highlights

•Submerged fermentation maximally expressed the activity of tested enzymes.

•Oak sawdust favoured activities of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases.

•Wheat straw was better substrate than oak sawdust for laccase activity.

•Fibers degradation was maximall on 14th day of oak sawdust submerged fermentation.

Abstract

Ganoderma applanatum is a widely-distributed wood decaying species whose ligninolytic enzyme system has not been sufficiently studied. The aims of the study were to profile its Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases and defining of wheat straw and oak sawdust delignification extents depending on cultivation type. Activities of these enzymes were higher in submerged than in solid-state cultivation. Oak sawdust induced the highest activities of Mn-dependent (5545.5 U L⁻¹) and Mn-independent peroxidases (5810.0 U L⁻¹), and wheat straw stimulated laccase activity (11007.0 U L⁻¹). The isoelectric focusing profiles of enzymes and extent of lignocellulose degradation were affected by plant residue as well as type and period of cultivation. Submerged cultivation induced the synthesis of a higher number of enzyme isoforms and the maximum levels of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose degradation (40.9%, 32.7% and 27.4%) were reached during this oak sawdust fermentation. However, selectivity in fiber mineralisations was the highest during solid-state fermentation of wheat straw, which is important for possible application in various biotechnological processes that require accessible cellulose, such as production of more digestible feed, paper pulp and bioethanol.

Keywords

• Degradation;
• Ganoderma applanatum;
• Ligninolytic enzymes;
• Oak sawdust;
• Wheat straw
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964830516301834